Efficacy of Curcumin on Cognitive Function Scores in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea: A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea.@*METHODS@#A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. A total of 124 women who had both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were equally and randomly assigned to the curcumin group or placebo group, 62 cases in each. Each subject received either a capsule containing 500 mg of curcuminoid, or a placebo daily, for 10 days (7 days before and until 3 days after the onset of menstrual bleeding) over 3 menstrual cycles. The cognitive abilities questionnaire was used to measures cognitive functions in 7 specific areas. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial in both groups.@*RESULTS@#Administration of curcumin was associated with a significant increase in memory score (P=0.002), inhibitory control and selective attention (P=0.020), and total cognitive ability task (P=0.024). In addition, significant increments were found in scores of memory (3.5±3.1 vs. 0.4±3.8 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively; P=0.035), inhibitory control and selective attention (3.0±3.7 vs. 0.4±3.7; P=0.027) and total cognitive abilities (8.3±12.3 vs. 2.2±12.4; P=0.025) in the curcumin group versus placebo groups. Curcumin was safe and well-tolerable in current clinical trial.@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin has a beneficial efficacy on cognitive function scores in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea, with improvements in memory, inhibitory control and selective attention. (Registration No. IRCT20191112045424N1, available at: https://www.irct.ir ).

Three Cases in which Kampo Therapy was Effective in the Long Term for Menstrual Symptoms in Patients with Mental Illness / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We report three cases of patients with mental illness suffering from symptoms associated with menstruation, which were improved with Kampo treatment. Case1: A 39-year-old female had been in a depressive state after delivery and diagnosed with persistent mood disorder in the Neuropsychiatry Department of Fukushima Medical University (FMU). During treatment for the disorder, she developed premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and was immediately hospitalized. After she was introduced to the Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, we treated her with Kampo medicine such as tokakujokito considering the meaning of the pattern (sho), and then she recovered from PMDD. Case2: A 29-year-old female with schizophrenic disorder treated in the Neuropsychiatry Department of FMU was referred to the Obstetrics/Gynecology Department due to PMDD. We administered Kampo medicine such as kamishoyosan, nyosinsan and saikozai when yang pattern was observed, and ninjinto and daikenchuto in yin sho. Then, her condition then gradually improved. Case3: A 37-year-old female diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was hospitalized in the Neuropsychiatry Department of FMU. She was introduced to the Obstetrics/Gynecology department due to dysmenorrhea and PMS. After she was treated with keishibukuryogan and hangekobokuto, her symptoms improved. In conclusion, Kampo treatment appears to be effective for symptoms associated with menstruation in women with mental illness.

Addressing adenomyosis: Implications beyond we actually know

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the commonest gynecological surgeries being performed in India for various pelvic pathologies like fibroid uterus, endometrial hyperplasia, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, etc. But pre-operative diagnosis of adenomyosis and making it an indication for hysterectomy is not as common as pathologists find it in histo-pathology of hysterectomized specimens. The aim of the study was to study the frequency of adenomyosis in comparison to leiomyoma as a uterine pathology in hysterectomized specimens and correlate them clinically.Methods: A retrospective comparative study was carried out on 1646 hysterectomy specimens, during January 2014 to December 2016, which showed either adenomyosis or leiomyoma or both. Clinical records of these cases were retrieved and histo-pathology was correlated to clinical presentations and pre-operative ultrasonography.Results: Of the 1646 specimens taken for comparision between adenomyosis and leiomyoma, 49% showed only adenomyosis, 37% only leiomyoma and 14% had dual pathology showing findings of both. The peri-menopausal age group (45-54 years) accounted for the maximum number of patients undergoing hysterectomy (37.12%). But adenomyosis was found maximum in 35 - 44 years age group (38.04%). The clinical presentations for these two pathologies were similar and maximum patients presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain. Ultrasonography was able to diagnose only 32% cases of adenomyosis pre-operatively whereas this figure was 87% for fibroids.Conclusions: Adenomyosis and leiomyoma both account for the most frequent findings in hysterectomy specimens. Fibroids are easily diagnosed pre-operatively, but adenomyosis needs to be diagnosed pre-operatively by high index of clinical suspicion and imaging techniques. Adenomyosis is not just a disease of middle age, it needs to be addressed for infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), bad obstetric history, IVF failures and adherent placenta as well.

Molecular Mechanism of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule in Treatment of Endometriosis, Adenomyosis, Secondary Dysmenorrhea / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To analyze the pharmacological basis and molecular mechanism of Sanjie Zhentong capsule in the treatment of endometriosis, adenomyosis, secondary dysmenorrhea. Method: The 6 compounds of Sanjie Zhentong capsule showed stronger interactions with 87 proteins relating to endometriosis, adenomyosis, and secondary dysmenorrhea in molecular docking. Then the drug-target network was selected, and the network features were analyzed. Result: The molecular docking and network characteristics revealed 5 main active molecules and 23 potential targets of Sanjie Zhentong capsule. Conclusion: The main active ingredients of Sanjie Zhentong capsule have a trong inhibition effect on endometrial angiogenesis and blood circulation, uterine smooth muscle contraction, immune inflammatory reaction and estrogen secretion by acting on the targets of inflammation, cell invasion, metastasis, coagulation system, smooth muscle contraction and neurohormone regulation, so as to treat endometriosis, adenomyosis and secondary dysmenorrhea.

Herbal-cake-partitioned moxibustion of "Shenque" (CV8) has a relative specific effect in relieving abdominal pain and in regulating neuroendocrine-immune network in primary dysmenorrhea rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of herbal-cake-partitioned moxibustion (HCPM) of "Shenque" (CV8) and "Daheng" (SP15) on abdominal pain, plasma β-endorphin (β-EP), uterine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels, as well as splenetic natural killer cell (NK cell) activity in primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rats, so as to explore the specificity of acupoint function and the underlying mechanisms of moxibustion in relieving dysmenorrhea. METHODS: A total of 40 female rats were randomized into blank control, model, CV8-direct moxibustion, CV8-HCPM and SP15-HCPM groups (n＝8 rats in each). The PD model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate injection (0.2-0.5 mg/rat) for 10 consecutive days and intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin (2 U) 24 h after the last subcutaneous injection. Moxibustion or herbal-cake (composed of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Cortex Cinnamomi, etc.)-partitioned moxibustion was applied to CV8, SP15 or umbilicus respectively for 7 moxa-cones every time, once daily for 10 successive days. The rats of the control and model groups were also restrained as those in the moxibustion groups. The writhing times within 30 minutes was recorded and the contents of plasma β-EP, uterine PGE2 and PGF2α were detected by ELISA, and NK cell activity was detected using MTT. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the writhing times and the content of PGF2α in the uterus tissue were significantly increased in the model group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Moxibustion of both CV8 and SP15 can relieve abdominal pain in PD rats, which may be closely associated with its effect in suppressing PD-induced decrease of plasma β-EP and uterine PGE2 levels and splenetic NK cell activity and increase of uterine PGF2α. The therapeutic effect of CV8-HCPM is obviously better than that of SP15-HCPM and CV8-direct moxibustion.

Research Progress in Pathogenesis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrheal / 中国药师

Primary dysmenorrheal is one of the most common diseases in gynecology,which seriously affects the physical and men-tal health of women, therefore, the effective prevention and treatment of primary dysmenorrheal is a problem in medical field. The etiol-ogy of primary dysmenorrheal is very complicated, and in recent years, there are more and more domestic and foreign scholars studying on its pathogenesis and treatment. Modern medicine has some shortcomings in the treatment of dysmenorrheal including side effects and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal. Combined with the recent rele-vant reporters, the article reviewed the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrheal from both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medi-cine aspects, and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of primary dysmenorrheal was also reviewed to provide better guidance for the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal.

The Effect of Practicing Chinese Gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing on the Infrared Radiant Track along Meridian Course (IRRTM)of Ren Meridian Stimulated by Moxibustion on CV-8 among Dysmenorrhea Patients / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of practicing Chinese gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing on the infrared radiant track along meridian course (IRRTM)of Ren Meridian stimulated by moxibustion on CV-8 among dysmenorrhea patients.Methods Twenty dysmenorrhea undergraduate patients were recruied and practiced Chinese gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing for 3 months.The numbers of patients of mild,moderate and severe symptoms were collected before and after the intervention.The effects of IRRTM stimulated by moxibustion on CV-8 were compared before and after practicing Chinese Gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing.Results After practicing Chinese Gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing,symptoms of 15 patients (including 11 with moderate dysmenorrhea and 4 with severe dysmenorrheal)were relieved to different extent.After the practice,all IRRTM of Ren Meridian turn to be more continuous,clear and regular either the Ren Meridian was stimulated with moxibustion or not.The average surface temperature along Ren Meridian rose significantly after the practicing.The conduction time to achieve the best states of IRRTM along Ren Meridian significantly shortened compared to before the intervention.Conclusion Chinese Gymnastic Qigong-Yijinjing can effectively enhance the transmission of IRRTM along Ren Meridian on dysmenorrhea patients,and may have a positive effect on dysmenorrhea treatment.

Clinical Observation of Goserelin in the Treatment of Adenomyosis Complicated with Severe Dysmenor-rhea before Placing Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of goserelin in the treatment of adenomyosis complicated with severe dysmenorrheal before placing levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LIS). METHODS:A total of 140 adenomyosis pa-tients with severe dysmenorrheal were selected from Sanya Family Planning Technology Service Center during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016, and then divided into control group and observation group according to lottery method,with 70 cases in each group. Both groups re-ceived LIS within first 7 d of menstruation,and observation group was given Goserelin acetate sustained-release implant 10.8 mg subcutaneously via anterior abdominal wall one week before placing. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 6 months later. The im-provement of dysmenorrhea was compared between 2 groups. The uterine volume,COX dysmenorrhea score (CMSS),menstrual volume,hemoglobin (Hb) and CA125 content were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was also compared. RESULTS:The rate of dysmenorrheal improvement in observation group was 95.71％,which was signifi-cantly higher than 81.43％of control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). Compare to before treatment,CMSS score,menstrual volume and CA125 content of 2 groups were decreased significantly after treatment,while Hb content was increased significantly;the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR(10.00％ vs. 14.29％)between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Goserelin in the treatment of adenomyosis complicated with severe dysmenorrheal before placing LIS can effectively relieve dysmenorrheal,reduce menstrual volume and improve Hb and CA125 levels,but do not increase the risk of ADR.

Ge-Gen Decoction attenuates oxytocin-induced uterine contraction and writhing response: potential application in primary dysmenorrhea therapy / 中国天然药物

The uterine tetanic contraction and uterine artery blood flow reduction are possible reasons for primary dysmenorrhea (PD). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the uterine relaxant effect and the influence on uterine artery blood velocity of Ge-Gen Decoction (GGD), a well-known Chinese herbal formula. In female ICR mice, uterine contraction was induced by oxytocin exposure following estradiol benzoate pretreatment, and the uterine artery blood velocity was detected by Doppler ultrasound. Histopathological examination of the uterine tissue samples were performed by H&E staining. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that oxytocin, posterior pituitary, or acetylcholine induced contractions in isolated mouse uterus. GGD inhibited both spontaneous and stimulated contractions. In vivo study demonstrated that GGD significantly reduced oxytocin-induced writhing responses with a maximal inhibition of 87%. Further study demonstrated that GGD normalized oxytocin-induced abnormalities of prostaglandins F2 alpha (PGF2α) and Ca(2+) in mice. In addition, injection of oxytocin induced a decrease in uterine artery blood flow velocity. Pretreatment with GGD reversed the oxytocin response on blood flow velocity. Histopathological examination showed pretreatment with GGD alleviated inflammation and edema in the uterus when compared with the model group. Both ex vivo and in vivo results indicated that GGD possessed a significant spasmolytic effect on uterine tetanic contraction as well as improvement on uterine artery blood velocity which may involve PGF2α and Ca(2+) signaling, suggesting that GGD may have a clinic potential in PD therapy.

Preparation of self management behavior scale for primary dysmenorrhea in female college students / 现代临床护理

Objective To prepare a primary dysmenorrhea self-management behavior scale used for female college students in China.Methods Based on Green health education model,a pool of 40 items was made through literature review as well as semistructured interviews on primary dysmenorrhea in female college sudent.In the following,a primary dysmenorrhea scale for female university students with 20 items was made by considering the advice from five obstetrists and gynecologists and employing a pre-test.Then the primary scale was used for an investigation among 100 female college students with dysmenorrheal and the items were screened by using by item analysis,and a scale with 19 items was decided.The revised scale was finalized by using it among 500 female students with dysmenorrheal in a college in Dalian for a formal investigation,with the reliability and validity tested by factor analysis and correlation analysis.Results The finalized scale was estabhshed containing four dimensions of 19 items.The scale internal consistency Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.91,the index on behaviour,gaining knowledge,treatment compliance and asking for help 0.77,0.88,0.86 and 0.84 respectively.The retest reliability was 0.92 and the index on each dimension was 0.76,0.84,0.83 and 0.77,respectively.The total content validity index of scale content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.93.The content validity index of each dimension,the item cotent validity (I-CVI)was 0.93,0.92,0.92 and 0.94,respectively.By exploratory factor analysis and screen plot,four factors were extracted,with a cumulative contribution rate of 62.90％.The correlation coefficients between the various dimensions were 0.12 to 0.35 and the correlation coefficients between the dimensions and total score were 0.49 to 0.78 (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Primary dysmenorrhea self-management behavior scales for female college students has a good reliability and validity.It can be used as a tool to evaluate the self management behaviors of female college students in our country.

Inhibition Effects of Rupixiao Granules on Contractility of Uterus of Mice in Vitro / 医药导报

Objective To study effects of Rupixiao granules on contraction of uterus of mice in vitro. Methods Mouse model with isolated uterine contraction was established. The mice pretreated with estradiol benzoate were sacrificed and then the uteri were taken out. The normal contractions were recorded by the biological function system. Effects of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg.mL-1 Rupixiao granules on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced (5 U.L-1) uterine contractions were recorded,inhibition of Rupixiao granules on mean constriction amplitude,constriction frequency and contraction activity of pitocin-pretreated uterus was observed and the inhibition rates were calculated. Results Compared with the baselines, the amplitude, frequency, activity of spontaneous uterine contraction were significantly down-regulated by Rupixiao solution at a range of 10-60 mg.mL-1 ,as well as it could inhibit oxytocin-induced spasmodic contraction of isolated uterus at 10-50 mg . mL-1 ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The Rupixiao granules inhibits spontaneous contraction of isolated mouse uteri and oxytocin-induced spasm of uterine smooth muscle in vitro.

Effect of drug-spreading moxibustion for primary dysmenorrheal with cold-damp stagnation and its uterine artery blood flow / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect difference between drug-spreading moxibustion and the oral administration of meloxicam for primary dysmenorrheal with cold stagnation and to explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 101 patients with primary dysmenorrheal were randomly assigned into a drug-moxibustion group(52 cases) and a western medication group(49 cases). Drug-spreading moxibustion was used on the lumbosacral acupoints area and then around lower abdominal five days before menstruation until the 3rd day of menstruation,once three days,while western medicine meloxicam was prescribed one day before menstruation,7.5 mg at a time,once a day and continuously for three days. The clinical effects after one course,namely three menstrual cycles,were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile,the resistance index(RI) and the pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery and arcus arteriarum were examined through color Doppler ultrasound before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After one-course treatment,the effective rate was 92.3%(48/52) in the drug-spreading moxibustion group,which was better than 67.3%(33/49) in the western medication group(<0.05). Also,all the RI and PI in the drug-spreading moxibustion group were obviously decreased than those before treatment(all<0.05),and the ones were superior to those of the western medication group(all<0.05),which showed no apparent decrease after treatment(all>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Drug-spreading moxibustion can improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrheal with cold-damp stagnation,and the effect is better than that of meloxicam. The mechanism may be related to improve the blood supply to the uterus.</p>

Study of menstrual problems among the adolescence girls of rural area of Aligarh.

Introduction: Menstrual practices are still bounded by social restrictions and taboos. This may result in ignorance of hygienic practices during menstruation. So there should be proper knowledge given to the girls since childhood. The present study was conducted in rural areas of Aligarh. It was conducted in 70 adolescent girls before taking verbal consent from them. The aim of the study was to find menstrual pattern among the rural adolescent girls, the various menstrual problems among them and the effect of this problem on their daily routine. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among girls of age group 13 to 19 years attending the rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh. Seventy girls who had given verbal consent were interviewed. Data was collected by personal interview and semi structure questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. 35.7% were in 13-15 years age group, 21.4% were in 15- 17 years age group and 42.9% were in 17-19 years age group. Regarding problems related to menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea (71.4%) was the commonest problem. Other then this, girls had pre-menstrual syndrome (57.14%), backache (50%), fatigue (42.8%), breast heaviness ( 28.5%), joint pain (21.4%), increased weight (28.5%), headache( 28.5%) and abdominal bloating (50%). The menstrual problems affected their daily routine. Around 71.4% of the subject were forced to have prolonged bed rest, 64.28% had missed social activities. 50% of them had disturbed sleep, 35.7% had decreased appetite, 42.8% had missed classes, 50% who were employed had to abstain from their work. Conclusion: Menstruation problems usually cause interruption of daily routine of adolescent girls. School health programme should include provision for screening of adolescent girl for menstruation related problem and providing them with relevant information. Clearing up the misconception relating to menstruation and offering possible treatment options should be done. This may help in improving school and academic performance of students.

Effect of Different Acupuncture Stimuli on Uterine Micro-circulation and Circulation-related Substances of Dysmenorrheal Rats with Cold Stagnation Syndrome / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effect of different acupuncture stimuli on uterine micro-circulation of dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome. Methods Totally 32 three-month old female SD rats in diestrus were randomly divided into saline control group, model group, A stimuli group, and B stimuli group, 8 rats in each group. Model group and treatment groups were given whole body freezing combined with estradiol benzoate injection method to establish models. A stimuli group was given deep puncture with manipulation, while B stimuli group was treated by shallow puncture without manipulation. Diameter of uterine capillary,micro-vessel, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1αlevels were observed in each group. Results Compared with the saline group, capillary diameter in model group was significantly reduced at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.01);micro-vascular diameter was significantly reduced at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point (P<0.01);plasma 6-keto-PGF1α levels decreased (P<0.01);TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αincreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group, capillary diameter in A stimuli group enlarged at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05), micro-vascular diameter dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point (P <0.01), plasma 6-keto-PGF1α level increased (P <0.05), TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αdecreased significantly (P<0.05);micro-vascular diameter in B stimuli group dilated at 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05), plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with B stimuli group, capillary diameter in A stimuli group dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30 min time point (P<0.05) and micro-vascular diameter dilated at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 min time point significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome show obvious disorder of the uterus micro-circulation and circulation related substances. Both A and B acupuncture stimuli improved uterus micro-circulation of dysmenorrheal rats with cold stagnation syndrome, and its mechanism may be related to the recovery the balance between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α.

Research on Effects of Qi-stagnation and Blood-stasis Pattern of Primary Dysmenorrhea Treated by Huo-Xue Li-Qi Zhi-Tong Decoction Combined with Acupuncture / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe effects of qi-stagnation and blood-stasis pattern of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) treated by Huo-Xue Li-Qi Zhi-Tong (HXLQZT) decoction combined with acupuncture. A total of 130 PD patients, which were selected from January 2011 to January 2014 at the Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, with 65 cases in each group. The control group was treated with ibuprofen sustained release capsules and the treatment group was given HXLQZT decoction combined with acupuncture. After the treatment of 3 menstrual cycles, indexes were observed from aspects including visual analogue score (VAS), PGF2a, PGE2, PGF2a/PGE2, clinical efficacy and relapse circumstance before and after treatment in two groups. The results showed that compared with pretreatment, there were obvious decreased VAS in both the treatment group and the control group (P<0.05), decreased PGF2a, increased PGE2 content, and obvious decreased PGF2a/PGE2 ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the cure rate and the total efficiency of the treatment group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The VAS was significantly decreased in the third menstrual cycle after treatment (P < 0.05). The ratio of PGF2a/PGE2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the end of 6-month, 9-month and 12-month treatment, relapse rates of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that HXLQZT decoction combined with acupuncture can regulated the plasma content of PGF2a and PGE2 and reduce the relapse rate among PD patients. It had obvious effect on PD patients with superior treatment effect compared to western medicine treatment. Therefore, it was worthy of a promotion.

The effect of stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in adult girls.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a difficult menstrual flow in the absence of any pelvic pathology where pain is spasmodic in character and felt mainly in the lower abdomen. Women that participated in sports experienced fewer occurrences of symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Aims & Objective: To assess the effect of stretching exercise on primary dysmenorrhea in adult girls. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at SBB College of physiotherapy. A convenience sample was taken consisting of 30 participants, 15 in each group. Group A received Stretching Exercises. Participants completed an active stretching exercise program for 4 weeks (6 days per week, 2 times per day) at home. They were asked to perform 9 stretching exercises. Group B was in control group. All Participants were examined for pain intensity VAS (10-point scale). Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System for Assessment of Dysmenorrhea Severity (VMS) Level of significance was kept at 5%. Results: The results of Groups A and B were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. In group A-VAS showed significant improvement in pain. Pain intensity was reduced from 6 to 3.80 (difference in mean 2.2 ± 0.16, W = 120, p = 0.001). VMS also showed significant improvement in pain. VMS was reduced from 2 to 1 (difference in median 1, W = 66, p = 0.002). In group B, there was no significant improvement in pain. VAS score reduced from 6.20 to 6.10. Difference in mean VAS (0.10 ± 0.30, W = 36, p = 0.5). There was no difference in mean VMS at the end of 4 weeks. Comparison of Group A and Group B was done with Mann Whitney U Test. There was a significant difference in improvement in VAS between Groups A and B (2.30 ± 0.21, U = 31.0, p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in improvement in VMS between Groups A and B (U = 12.0, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stretching exercises are effective in reducing pain in young females with primary dysmenorrhea.

Study on pharrnacodynamics of compound Chuanxiong granules in treating dysmenorrhea / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the pharrnacodynamics of compound Chuanxiong granules in treating dysmenorrhea.Methods The effects of compound Chuanxiong granules on uterus contraction,anti-inflammatory,analgesia and hemostasis were researched by rat's uterine smooth muscle contraction test in vivo,the level of prostaglandins F2α effect test,mice torsion model induced by oxytocin test,mice auricle swelling model induced by dimethylbenzene test,and the coagulation time of mice test.Results Compared wAth the model control group,Chuanxiong granules may obviously inhibit smooth muscle constriction resulted from oxytocin (the average inhibition ratio in high-dose group,middle-dose group and low-dose group were 32.3％,27.2％,17.6％),decline the levels ofprostaglandins F2 [the value in high-dose group,middle-does group and low-dose group was (79.2±4.3)rig/L,(79.3 ±12.9) ng/L and (88.2±7.6) ng/L] inhibit twist times of mice (the value in high-dose group,middle-does group and low-dose group was 39.4％,46.8％,24.8％),inhibit the auricular swelling of mice caused by dimethylbenzene [the value in high-dose group,middle-does group and low-dose group were(31.7±21.0)％,(35.6±33.7)％,(59.3±35.0)％],and shorten the coagulation time [thevalue in high-dose group,middle-does group and low-dose group was(41.1±9.7)s,(43.3±10.1)s,(50.5±10.8)s respectively].Conclusion Compound Chuanxiong granules is a effective agent to relieve dysmenorrhea.

Estudio de niveles séricos de cobre y zinc y su posible rol como indicadores de dismenorrea primaria / Study of serum levels of copper and zinc and its possible roll like indicators of primary dysmenorrheal

En este trabajo se ha determinado el contenido de cobre y zinc en suero sanguíneo de 39 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 21 años de edad, n = 25 con dismenorrea primaria diagnosticada clínicamente y n = 14 grupo control con diagnóstico negativo para la patología estudia-da. Las muestras de suero sanguíneo se obtuvieron antes (a) y durante (d) la menstruación. Fueron analizadas por Espectroscopia de Absorción Atómica con inyección en flujo continuo (EAA-IFC). Las concentraciones obtenidas fueron de 1,56 ± 0,43 mgL-1 de cobre y 1,28 ± 0,34 mgL-1 de zinc antes de la menstruación y 1,06 ± 0,23 mgL-1 de co bre y 1,21 ±0,4 mgL-1 de zinc durante la menstruación, para el grupo control y 1,64 ± 0,52 mgL-1 de cobre y 1,88 ± 0,61 mgL-1 de zinc antes de la menstruación y 1,21 ± 0,34 mgL-1 de cobre y 0,94 ± 0,27 mgL-1 de zinc durante la mens ruaciónt en el grupo estudio. Los elementos determinados en ambos grupos antes del periodo menstrual, no observaron diferencias significativas con p= 0,63 y 0,16 para cobre y zinc, respectivamente. Sin embargo, durante la menstruación, fue evidente una diferencia con p < 0,005. Este resultado nos hace presumir, que el aumento brusco de los niveles séricos de cobre se deba probablemente por la alteración de las prostaglandinas, siendo este bioelemento uno de los responsables de las molestias que se presentan en esta patología y otros efectos secundarios motivados por el descenso brusco del zinc. La relación cobre/zinc se calculo en ambos grupos, con valores de 1,47 y 1,06 antes y durante, respectivamente para el grupo control y para el grupo bajo estudio 1,36 y 1,97 antes y durante, respectivamente.

In this work has determined the copper content and zinc in sanguineous serum of women with primary dysmenorrheal diagnosed clinically and a group of women control with I diagnose negative for the studied pathology. The samples of sanguineous serum taken before (a) and during (d) the second day of the menstruation come from 39 women in ages between 17 and 21 years of age, n = 14 controls and n = 25 women with primary dysmenorrheal. They were processed by Spectroscopy of Atomic Absorption with injection in con-tinuous flow (EAA-IFC). The concentrations obtained of 1.56± 0.43 mgL-1 of copper and 1.28± 0.34 mgL-1 of zinc before menstruation and 1.06 ±0.23 mgL-1 of copper and 1.21 ±0.4 mgL-1 of zinc during the menstruation (second day), for the group control and 1.64 ±0.52 mgL-1 of copper and 1.88 ±0.61 mgL-1 of zinc before menstruation and 1.21± 0.34 mgL-1 of copper and 0.94± 0.27 mgL-1 of zinc during the menstruation in the group study. In relation to the serum levels it initiates to them in both groups were not significant differences (p = 0.63). The zinc, observe he himself behavior, between both groups before the menstruation was not observed significant differences with p = 0.16, nevertheless, during the menstruation I throw p = 0.0033. This result evi-dence that indeed the copper is affected by the alteration of the prostaglandins, being probably one of the people in charge of the annoyances that appear in this pa hologyt and other indirect effect motivated by the abrupt reduction of the zinc, such as alteration in the synthesis and excretion of the hormone stimulating follicle (FSH), of the luteinizante hormone (LH), abnormal development of the ovary, alterations of the menstrual cycle. The copper/zinc re ationl I calculate both groups, with values of 1.47 and 1,06 before and during res pectively for the group control and the group under study 1,36 and 1.97 before and during respectively.

Influência do nível de atividade física na dismenorréia / Influence of physical activity in dysmenorrheal

A dismenorréia em mulheres jovens, em muitos casos, provoca interrupção das atividades habituais. Especula-se que as atividades físicas sejam benéficas aliviando as dores decorrentes da dismenorréia. Verificar a influência do nível de atividade física sobre a dismenorréia em mulheres jovens. Participaram do presente estudo 100 estudantes universitárias com idades entre 18 e 26 anos. A amostra foi obtida por conveniência, a partir da população feminina do Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo. Só foram incluídas mulheres com histórico de dismenorréia primária. Foram excluídas tabagistas, que possuíam filhos, acometidas por doença uterina e que faziam uso de contraceptivos hormonais. Todas responderam ao questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ), à anamnese de queixas relacionadas à dismenorréia e à Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para a medida da intensidade da dor. Os dados foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando p < 0,05. Os grupos de mulheres, segundo o nível de atividade física determinado pelo IPAQ, não diferiram quanto ao IMC, regularidade da menstruação e incômodos causados pela dismenorréia. A intensidade da dor avaliada pela EVA foi significantemente menor nos grupos de mulheres fisicamente ativas e muito ativas quando comparadas às sedentárias (p = 0,0129). Os dados do presente estudo permitem concluir que a prática regular de atividade física é eficaz na redução da dor decorrente de dismenorréia, podendo assim, constituir-se em opção de tratamento não medicamentoso.

Dysmenorrhea in young women, in many cases causing interruption of daily activities. It is speculated that physical activities are beneficial relieving pain due to dysmenorrhea. Verify the influence of physical activity on dysmenorrhea in adolescent and young women. This study included 100 college students aged between 18 and 26 years. This sample was obtained through sampling by convenience, from the female population of Adventist University of Sao Paulo. Only women with a history of primary dysmenorrhea were included. We excluded smokers, those who had children, suffer from uterine disease and those who make use of hormonal contraceptives. The participants answered to International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) to measure the intensity of pain. In all cases, the differences between the groups of women were considered as statistically significant if p < 0,05. The level of physical activity determined by the IPAQ did not diff er in relationship to BMI, regularity of menstruation and uncomfortable caused by dysmenorrheal. The intensity of pain assessed by VAS due to dysmenorrhea was significantly lower in groups of women?s physically active and very active compared to sedentary (p = 0,0129). The practice of regular physical activity is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea and may be an option of non medicated treatment.

Effect of Red Rose Capsule for Releasing the Dysmenorrhea on Plasma Thromboxane B_2 and 6-Keto-Prostaglandin F_(1?) of Primary Dysmenorrhea Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To approach the protective actions of Red Rose Capsule for Releasing the Dysmenorrhea(RRC) on the mice of primary dysmenorrhea.Method Sixty four health rats with the similar menstrual cycle were divided into four groups-NS group,RRC low dose group,RRC high dose group and Yueyueshu group.The indexes of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1? in plasma were observed.Result RRC had significant effect on increasing 6-Keto-PGF1 ? and decreasing TXB2 in plasma of primary dysmenorrhea mice.Conclusion RRC has protective action against primary dysmenorrhea by influencing the content of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1?.